Page 45 - Year 8 Knowledge Organiser

History: The Agricultural and Industrial Revolution: 1 of 1 History: The Empire: 1 of 1

Key Agriculture: a Revolution: a Urbanisation: the Crop rotation: Germ Theory: Enclosure: Industry: What is an Empire? North India Australia Africa
terms I broad process of making The act of the Bringing strips of The making of raw goods An Empire is what we call a group of countries that are ruled over by America
must term for farming. dramatic and wide- an area more urban. changing crops in idea that land together usually in factories. The one country. For example, by the end of the 18th century Britain had an
know: This could be reaching change in The move from rural a field from year to diseases and putting beginning of mass Empire that included North America, Australia, India and parts of Africa. Began in East India Australia was a By the 1870s,
growing crops areas to those of year so that no are caused by fences around production. the 17th Company collection many European
and conditions or towns and cities. land is left fallow germs that land. Used Key points countries were
attitudes.
raising livestock (with nothing or during the •The British Empire began in the late 1500s under Queen Elizabeth I. Century, was began in of British colon
(animals). growing in it). microorganisms. Agricultural •By 1913 the empire had grown to rule over 400 million people, making known as the the 1600s. Brita ies from 1788 looking to expand
Revolution. it the largest empire in history. 13 colonies. in was until 1901. The their control in
Africa.
Industrial changes •British government and society benefitted economically from the Planters interested in first colonies At the Berlin
The Industrial Revolution brought the United Kingdom into an era of technology Inventions empire. became very Tea, spices, and were Conference in
and productivity. It created wealth for many but social problems and poverty for • Steam power - In around 1712, Thomas Newcomen built the first •The people colonised by the British had British laws and customs wealthy growing silk that was established as 1884, the USA,
others. commercially successful steam engine to pump water out of mines. imposed upon them, lost their ability to govern themselves and were, crops like grown in India. places where the Ottoman
By 1914, England had become a great trading nation with a worldwide empire, James Watt made steam engines much more efficient. His other in many cases, violently oppressed. Tobacco and 1857 Rebellion criminals were Empire and 12
which covered a fifth of the globe. There were many notable changes including; improvements meant steam engines could replace water and horse Sugar. of the Sepoys sent to live and European
• a 260 per cent growth in population o a change from agriculture to industry power in a wide variety of industries, which in turn allowed factories Used Slaves on led to total work. These countries divided
• a move from domestic industry to factory work to be built anywhere. the plantations control of were known as up most of the
African continent
• a move from water and wind power to steam engines • In 1815 Humphry Davy invented a lamp that changed colour of it to grow and India. convict between them.
• a revolution in transport and communications, from canals and pack horses, to came into contact with methane gas. It transformed the mining harvest the settlements or This is known as
railways and the telegraph - Transport and communications - George industry. crops. penal colonies. the ‘Scramble for
Stephenson and Isambard Kingdom Brunel oversaw the 'Railway Mania' of the • There were a number of other ground breaking inventions such as; Later, colonies Africa’.
1800s. 1837 - Samuel Morse invented the telegraph, in 1839 - Kirkpatrick were
Macmillan invented the bicycle and in 1885 - Karl Benz invented the established by
motor car. free settlers.

Case study – the 1854 outbreak of cholera prompted John Snow to investigate:
Snow created a spot map to show the deaths from cholera that occurred around The End of the British Empire The Transatlantic Slave Trade
Broad Street in the Soho district of London. th -One of the more horrific parts of the British Empire was its position at
This led Snow to notice a pattern; that the deaths were all connected to the water -Towards the end of the 19 Century, a number of states became the heart of the Transatlantic Slave Trade.
pump ‘dominions’, meaning that they remained part of the empire, but governed
th
Snow removed the handle of the water pump and prevented people from using it. themselves. -For 400 years from the 15 Century, British slave traders are estimated
There were no more deaths in the Broad Street area from cholera. -During the First and Second World War, Britain relied heavily upon its to have bought or sold around 3 million slaves. Slavery made Britain
empire in order to win. The countries who supported Britain began to take an incredibly wealthy.
increasingly independent view. Furthermore, the wars left Britain weakened
and less interested in its empire than it had been previously. -Britain banned slave trading in its empire from 1807.