Page 38 - Year 9

History: The Russian Revolutions: 2 of 2

Keywords Date Event

Key Words Definition 1861 Russian Serfs are freed, but continue to make ‘Redemption
Payments’ [debt] to government.
Autocratic A form of government where one person has all the power to rule over the 1894 Tsar Nicholas II becomes Tsar of Russia.
[Aut-o-crat-ic] people, who don’t have a say.
1905 Russia loses the Russo-Japanese war; first Russian
Capitalist A theory that people should earn different amounts of money depending on revolution – Duma established.
[Cap-it-al-ist] how much they work, and the value of the work they do. 1914 World War One begins.
The [first] Russian revolution and overthrow of the
A theory that Everyone in society should be equal and that everything should Feb/Marc
Communist monarchy; Tsar Nicholas II resigns and a Provisional
[Com-you-nist] be owned by the working classes and shared equally between all people by the h 1917 Government is set up by the Duma.
government. There are no social classes.
The [second] Bolshevik Revolution begins. Led by
Democratic A form of government where the people in a country decide who should rule by Oct/Nov Vladimir Lenin, the Bolsheviks [Communists] lead a
[Dem-o-crat-ic] voting. 1917 coup to overthrow the Provisional Government in St
Duma [Doo-ma] Russian parliament (first set up in 1906). Petersburg. .
Ideology A set of ideas and beliefs that affects our perspective (opinions) and actions. The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, and agreement between
Russia [the Provisional Government] and the Central
[eye-dee-o-lo-gy] March Powers [Germany, Austria-Hungary] that ends Russia’s
Monarchy A system of government /country that has a King or Queen as the country’s 1918 involvement in WWI. Russia loses a significant amount
[Mon-ar-key] Head of State. of territory as part of the deal.
The Bolsheviks begin to consolidate the coup and gain
Nobility [No-bil-it-tee] The highest social class in the country. full control of Russia, after defeating various
1923 European armies and Communist government
Causes of the Russian Revolutions
Provisional Temporary; not permanent. established.
[Prov-vi-sion-a-ry] ROLE OF INDIVIDUALS SOCIAL INEQUALITIES
-Tsar intelligent but weak – -Nobility make up 2% of population, but own 25% of land.
indecisive, easily influenced and ill prep -Cities: overcrowded housing, little heating & poor sanitation.
Republic [Re-pub-lic] A system of government that has a President, who is elected by the people, ared for the role. -Working conditions: trade unions banned & long days (11.5hr).
as the country’s Head of State. - -
Rasputin was thought to influence the Ts Serfs freed in 1861, but Redemption Payments and high taxes = po
Serf [surf] Slave under the control of a wealthy land owner. ar. verty.
- -Famine was common – widespread in 1901
Social inequality When groups of people in society are not equal. Tsarina Alexandra accused of having an
[in-e-qual-it-ty] affair with
Rasputin & being a German spy.
Socialism An ideology where production (businesses & factories) are owned by the WWI ECONOMIC PROBLEMS SPREAD OF NEW IDEAS
Educated middle classes h
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[so-shal-ism] government; the resources are shared to provide for those in need. Marx Shortages of food, coal and industrial m Although cities were industrialising, m eard of Marx’s communist
believed that socialism was a ‘stepping stone’ towards communism. aterials in cities. ost of the country was still agricultural theory & spread ideas thro
Strikes and protests. peasantry. ugh cities to gain the supp
Tsar [T-zar] Russian emperor. -By the end of 1914, - ort of the workers for a co
over 1 million Russian soldiers were dea Russia was economically slow to indus mmunist revolution.
Tsarina [T-zar-ee-na] Female ruler / consort [wife] of the Russian emperor. d. trialise.
- -
Industry could not produce enough wea Food, coal and industrial shortages dur
pons to supply soldiers & generals were ing the war led to economic despair =
incompetent – strikes and protests.
this reflected badly on the Tsar.