Page 39 - Year 9 Knowledge Organiser

Geography: Earthquakes: 3 of 6 Geography: Climate Change: 4 of 6

Weather Short term state of the atmosphere in a particular location.
Why do people live in areas of tectonic hazards? Predicting and Preparing for Volcanic Eruptions Predicting and Preparing for Earthquakes Climate Long term state of the atmosphere (usually 30 years or more)

Climate change Long-term shift in the state of the atmosphere.
Tiltmeters used to measure change in shape. Use seismometers to identify irregularities in tremors.
1. Creates tourism (e.g. Vesuvius in Italy). Greenhouse gasses Gasses which absorb and re-emit infrared radiation.
2. The ash makes the land fertile meaning jobs for Spectrometers to measure sulphur dioxide emissions. Measure radon gas that will appear as cracks in the Mitigation Actions that prevent or reduce the causes of climate change.
farmers. ground. strategies

3. Friends and family may live nearby. Evacuation and exclusion zones around the volcano. Retrofit existing buildings with cross bracings. Adaptation Actions that help people cope with the effects of climate change.
4. Some people cannot afford to live elsewhere. Ensure medical, food and water supplies are stocked. Practice earthquake drills. strategies

Natural Factor Time- Diagram
Frame

100,000
Orbital Change
years

Sunspots 11 years

Volcanic Unpredi
Eruptions ctable

Earthquake location Both 7.8 LIC Gorkha Nepal, 2015 HIC Kaikoura, New Zealand 2016:
magnitude Responses To Climate Change
GDP per capita: US$ 690 GDP per capita: US$ 40,331
Primary effects 9,000 people died, 20,000 injured. 2 died and 50 injured. Mitigation Adaptation
Secondary effects A lack of clean water led to 13 dying from Typhus. 100,000 landslides blocked roads and rail. Electric vehicles, such as Tesla. Flood resilient housing, such as elevated houses in Northern Bangladesh.
Short term responses Search and rescue teams, water and medical support arrived quickly 200 of the most vulnerable were evacuated from Kaikoura in 24
from India and China. hours. Carbon Capture and Storage, such as Boundary Dam Power Station. Farmer field schools, such as saltwater growing techniques in Southern Bangladesh.
Long term responses The road from Nepal to Tibet was reopened after 2 years. Most roads and rail systems were repaired within 2 years.
International agreements, such as Glasgow 2021 declaration to ban and
reverse deforestation. Rainwater storage, such as Hafirs in Sudan for irrigation.